c 语言如何操作excel-成就殿堂-网游活动聚合站

C语言操作Excel的方法有：使用COM接口、调用第三方库、使用CSV文件格式。其中，使用COM接口是最为常见和直接的方法。通过COM接口，我们可以直接与Excel进行交互，实现创建、读取和修改Excel文件的功能。下面我们将详细介绍使用COM接口来操作Excel的具体步骤和一些注意事项。

一、使用COM接口操作Excel

COM（Component Object Model）是微软提供的一种软件组件技术，它允许不同的应用程序相互通信并共享数据。在C语言中，我们可以使用Windows API来调用Excel的COM接口，从而实现对Excel文件的操作。

1、初始化COM库

在使用COM接口之前，我们需要初始化COM库。可以使用CoInitialize或CoInitializeEx函数来完成这一操作。初始化完成后，我们还需要在程序结束时调用CoUninitialize来释放资源。

#include

int main() {

HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to initialize COM library.n");

return -1;

}

// 其他操作...

CoUninitialize();

return 0;

}

2、获取Excel应用程序对象

初始化COM库后，我们需要获取Excel应用程序对象。可以使用CLSIDFromProgID函数来获取Excel的CLSID，然后使用CoCreateInstance函数来创建Excel应用程序对象。

CLSID clsid;

HRESULT hr = CLSIDFromProgID(L"Excel.Application", &clsid);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get CLSID for Excel.Application.n");

return -1;

}

IUnknown* pUnk;

hr = CoCreateInstance(&clsid, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, &IID_IUnknown, (void)&pUnk);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to create Excel application instance.n");

return -1;

}

3、获取IDispatch接口

IDispatch接口是COM接口的一种，它允许我们使用动态调用机制来调用对象的方法和属性。获取Excel应用程序对象后，我们需要查询它的IDispatch接口。

IDispatch* pExcelApp;

hr = pUnk->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pUnk, &IID_IDispatch, (void)&pExcelApp);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get IDispatch interface for Excel application.n");

pUnk->lpVtbl->Release(pUnk);

return -1;

}

4、设置Excel应用程序的可见性

为了便于调试和观察，我们可以将Excel应用程序设置为可见状态。可以使用IDispatch接口的Invoke方法来调用Excel应用程序对象的属性和方法。

VARIANT x;

x.vt = VT_I4;

x.lVal = 1; // 1表示可见

DISPPARAMS params;

params.rgvarg = &x;

params.rgdispidNamedArgs = NULL;

params.cArgs = 1;

params.cNamedArgs = 0;

DISPID dispID;

OLECHAR* szMember = L"Visible";

hr = pExcelApp->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pExcelApp, &IID_NULL, &szMember, 1, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, &dispID);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get dispID for Visible property.n");

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

hr = pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Invoke(pExcelApp, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, ¶ms, NULL, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to set Excel application visible.n");

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

5、创建一个新的工作簿

在操作Excel文件之前，我们需要创建一个新的工作簿或打开一个现有的工作簿。可以使用Workbooks集合的Add方法来创建一个新的工作簿。

IDispatch* pWorkbooks;

OLECHAR* szWorkbooks = L"Workbooks";

hr = pExcelApp->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pExcelApp, &IID_NULL, &szWorkbooks, 1, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, &dispID);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get dispID for Workbooks property.n");

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

hr = pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Invoke(pExcelApp, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, ¶ms, &result, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get Workbooks collection.n");

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

pWorkbooks = result.pdispVal;

VARIANT result;

DISPPARAMS noArgs = { NULL, NULL, 0, 0 };

hr = pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Invoke(pWorkbooks, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_METHOD, &noArgs, &result, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to add new workbook.n");

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

IDispatch* pWorkbook = result.pdispVal;

6、操作工作表和单元格

创建工作簿后，我们可以获取其中的工作表并操作单元格。可以使用Worksheets集合的Item方法来获取特定的工作表，然后使用Cells属性来访问单元格。

IDispatch* pWorksheets;

OLECHAR* szWorksheets = L"Worksheets";

hr = pWorkbook->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pWorkbook, &IID_NULL, &szWorksheets, 1, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, &dispID);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get dispID for Worksheets property.n");

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

hr = pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Invoke(pWorkbook, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, &noArgs, &result, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get Worksheets collection.n");

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

pWorksheets = result.pdispVal;

VARIANT index;

index.vt = VT_I4;

index.lVal = 1; // 获取第一个工作表

hr = pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Invoke(pWorksheets, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, ¶ms, &result, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get first worksheet.n");

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

IDispatch* pWorksheet = result.pdispVal;

IDispatch* pCells;

OLECHAR* szCells = L"Cells";

hr = pWorksheet->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pWorksheet, &IID_NULL, &szCells, 1, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, &dispID);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get dispID for Cells property.n");

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

hr = pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Invoke(pWorksheet, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, &noArgs, &result, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get Cells collection.n");

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

pCells = result.pdispVal;

// 设置A1单元格的值

VARIANT cellRow, cellCol, cellValue;

cellRow.vt = VT_I4;

cellRow.lVal = 1;

cellCol.vt = VT_I4;

cellCol.lVal = 1;

cellValue.vt = VT_BSTR;

cellValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"Hello, Excel!");

DISPPARAMS cellParams;

cellParams.rgvarg = &cellValue;

cellParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = NULL;

cellParams.cArgs = 1;

cellParams.cNamedArgs = 0;

hr = pCells->lpVtbl->Invoke(pCells, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, &cellParams, NULL, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to set cell value.n");

pCells->lpVtbl->Release(pCells);

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

7、保存并关闭工作簿

完成对Excel文件的操作后，我们需要保存并关闭工作簿。可以使用Workbook对象的SaveAs方法来保存文件，然后使用Close方法来关闭工作簿。

VARIANT fileName;

fileName.vt = VT_BSTR;

fileName.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"C:\path\to\file.xlsx");

DISPPARAMS saveParams;

saveParams.rgvarg = &fileName;

saveParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = NULL;

saveParams.cArgs = 1;

saveParams.cNamedArgs = 0;

OLECHAR* szSaveAs = L"SaveAs";

hr = pWorkbook->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pWorkbook, &IID_NULL, &szSaveAs, 1, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, &dispID);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get dispID for SaveAs method.n");

pCells->lpVtbl->Release(pCells);

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

hr = pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Invoke(pWorkbook, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_METHOD, &saveParams, NULL, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to save workbook.n");

pCells->lpVtbl->Release(pCells);

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

OLECHAR* szClose = L"Close";

hr = pWorkbook->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pWorkbook, &IID_NULL, &szClose, 1, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, &dispID);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to get dispID for Close method.n");

pCells->lpVtbl->Release(pCells);

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

hr = pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Invoke(pWorkbook, dispID, &IID_NULL, LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT, DISPATCH_METHOD, &noArgs, NULL, NULL, NULL);

if (FAILED(hr)) {

printf("Failed to close workbook.n");

pCells->lpVtbl->Release(pCells);

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

return -1;

}

8、释放资源

在程序结束时，我们需要释放所有的COM对象和资源。可以使用Release方法来释放每一个COM对象。

pCells->lpVtbl->Release(pCells);

pWorksheet->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheet);

pWorksheets->lpVtbl->Release(pWorksheets);

pWorkbook->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbook);

pWorkbooks->lpVtbl->Release(pWorkbooks);

pExcelApp->lpVtbl->Release(pExcelApp);

CoUninitialize();

二、调用第三方库

除了使用COM接口，我们还可以选择使用一些第三方库来操作Excel文件。这些库通常封装了操作Excel文件的复杂逻辑，使得代码更加简洁和易于维护。下面介绍两个常用的第三方库：libxls和libxlsxwriter。

1、libxls

libxls是一个开源库，用于读取旧的.xls文件格式（Excel 97-2003）。它提供了简单的API，用于读取Excel文件的内容。

安装libxls

可以从libxls的GitHub仓库下载源码并进行编译安装：

git clone https://github.com/libxls/libxls.git

cd libxls

cmake .

make

sudo make install

使用libxls读取Excel文件

以下是一个使用libxls读取Excel文件的示例代码：

#include

int main() {

xlsWorkBook* pWB = xls_open("path/to/file.xls", "UTF-8");

if (!pWB) {

printf("Failed to open Excel file.n");

return -1;

}

for (int i = 0; i < pWB->sheets.count; ++i) {

xlsWorkSheet* pWS = xls_getWorkSheet(pWB, i);

xls_parseWorkSheet(pWS);

for (int row = 0; row <= pWS->rows.lastrow; ++row) {

for (int col = 0; col <= pWS->rows.lastcol; ++col) {

xlsCell* pCell = xls_cell(pWS, row, col);

if (pCell) {

printf("Cell(%d, %d): %sn", row, col, pCell->str);

}

xls_close_WS(pWS);

}

xls_close_WB(pWB);

return 0;

}

2、libxlsxwriter

libxlsxwriter是一个开源库，用于创建新的.xlsx文件格式（Excel 2007及以上）。它提供了丰富的API，用于创建和写入Excel文件。

安装libxlsxwriter

可以从libxlsxwriter的GitHub仓库下载源码并进行编译安装：

git clone https://github.com/jmcnamara/libxlsxwriter.git

cd libxlsxwriter

make

sudo make install

使用libxlsxwriter创建Excel文件

以下是一个使用libxlsxwriter创建Excel文件的示例代码：

#include

int main() {

lxw_workbook* workbook = workbook_new("path/to/file.xlsx");

lxw_worksheet* worksheet = workbook_add_worksheet(workbook, NULL);

worksheet_write_string(worksheet, 0, 0, "Hello, Excel!", NULL);

worksheet_write_number(worksheet, 1, 0, 123.45, NULL);

workbook_close(workbook);

return 0;

}

三、使用CSV文件格式

CSV（Comma-Separated Values）是一种简单的文本文件格式，用于存储表格数据。虽然它不支持Excel的所有功能，但可以作为一种轻量级的替代方案，用于与Excel进行数据交换。

1、创建CSV文件

创建CSV文件非常简单，只需将数据按行写入文件，每行中的各个字段用逗号分隔。

#include

int main() {

FILE* file = fopen("path/to/file.csv", "w");

if (!file) {

printf("Failed to open CSV file.n");

return -1;

}

fprintf(file, "Name,Age,Scoren");

fprintf(file, "Alice,30,85.5n");

fprintf(file, "Bob,25,90.0n");

fclose(file);

return 0;

}

2、读取CSV文件

读取CSV文件同样简单，只需逐行读取文件内容，并使用逗号分隔各个字段。

#include

int main() {

FILE* file = fopen("path/to/file.csv", "r");

if (!file) {

printf("Failed to open CSV file.n");

return -1;

}

char line[1024];

while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), file)) {

char* token = strtok(line, ",");

while (token) {

printf("%st", token);

token = strtok(NULL, ",");

}

printf("n");

}

fclose(file);

return 0;

}

四、总结

通过本文的介绍，我们详细了解了在C语言中操作Excel文件的几种方法，包括使用